In simple words, forensic science is a study which is applied to criminal and civil laws. Our society has become complex, with increasing crime rates in all parts of the world. It is even difficult for the government to regulate the activities of every human being in the country. Law enforcement agencies, with the help of forensic science technology, carry out investigative functions, in order to stem the tide of criminal and felonious activities in the country. Thereby, it ensures the smooth functioning of the government to some extent. Forensic science technology helps to determine the food quality and drugs potency, regulates automobile emissions, utilization of fuel oils, pesticides, etc. Imagine, without the aid of forensic science, how could these things be effectively monitored?American Academy of Forensic Science is the world's largest organization that deals with forensic studies. Forensic science is a vast subject that is studied in various other courses such as pathology, anthropology, toxicology, digital and multimedia sciences, behavioral science, engineering science, etc. Criminal investigators in forensic science investigation process apply various principles to detect the criminal involved in the crime. Most of us are familiar with those techniques by the influence of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's detective books, which depict the forensic investigation methods through the popular fictional character, Sherlock Holmes.
By examining the ink and paper used in the documents, it is possible to find out the time when the document was written. This is done by passing ultraviolet rays, visible or infrared rays, through the document and analyzing the luminescence of the reflected light. Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy are used in the document analysis. In this spectroscopic analysis, ultraviolet and visible light are allowed to pass through the organic material, and the wavelength and the amount of light absorbed by the organic material is measured. Infrared spectroscopy analyzes the infrared rays absorbed by the document material and ink used in the document. Watermarks in the paper and composition of the paper material, mark an important record during the document analysis
